Genito-Urinary System

 

Genito-Urinary System

(Usama Mustafa)

THE URINARY SYSTEM

•     The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra.

•     The branch of medicine that deals with the male and female urinary systems and the male reproductive system is called urology.

•     A physician who specializes in this branch of medicine is called a urologist.

•     After the kidneys filter blood plasma, they return most of the water and solutes to the bloodstream.

•     The remaining water and solutes constitute urine,

Functions of Urinary System

•     Regulation of blood ionic composition.

•     Excretion of wastes and foreign substances.

•     Regulation of blood pH • Regulation of blood volume.

•     Enzymatic regulation of blood pressure. regulate blood pressure by secreting the enzyme renin

•     Maintenance of blood osmolarity.

•     Production of hormones. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D and erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells.

•     Regulation of blood glucose level.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• The organs of the male reproductive system include

• The testes (male gonads), a system of ducts (including the epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra)

• Accessory sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, and

• Several supporting structures, including the scrotum and the penis

• The branch of medicine that deals with male disorders, especially infertility and sexual dysfunction, is called andrology

Functions of Male reproductive System

• The testes produce sperm and secrete hormones.

• The duct system transports and stores sperm, assists in their maturation, and conveys them to the exterior.

• Semen contains sperm plus the secretions provided by the accessory sex glands.

• The supporting structures have various functions.

• The penis delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract and the scrotum supports the testes.

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

•     Following are  the female genital organs

•     Ovaries produce secondary oocytes and hormones such as progesterone and estrogens

•     Uterine Tube transport secondary oocytes and fertilized ova to the uterus;

•     Uterus. in which embryonic and fetal development occur

•     Vagina serves as the excretory duct for the menstrual flow and forms part of the birth canal.

•     The mammary glands also are considered part of the female reproductive system.

Terms

•     Gynecology is the specialized branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the female reproductive system.

•     The formation of gametes in the ovaries is termed oogenesis and release of mature ovum is called ovulation

•     The ovarian cycle is a series of events in the ovaries that occur during and after the maturation of an oocyte.

•     Steroid hormones released by the ovaries control the uterine (menstrual) cycle, changes in the endometrium of the uterus to prepare it for the arrival and development of a fertilized ovum.

                         (....Thank you ....)